所有代词、部分副词（如 here，then）和一些助动词都能起代替作用。本文将主要讨论以下几个常用的、需要注意其代替用法的词。
1．one ／ones
（1）one ／ones既可指人又可指物
a．两者只能用来代替可数名词。one用来代替可数名词的单数；ones用来代替可数名词的复数。例
如：
I don't like coloured envelopes．I like white ones．
b．当one前面有修饰语时，常在修饰词前加a／ an。例如：
My question is a difficult one．
c．ones 前面一般都带有修饰语。例如：
Here are the small bags．The large ones are fifty yuan．
d．one ／ones 后面经常跟修饰语或定语从句。例如：
Her was one devoted to the education of students in remote areas．
（2）one ／ones在句子中的省略用法
a．如果one前面是形容词的最高级，或者one前面有this、that或another等修饰语时，one常常被
省去。例如：
Of allher questions，it is the most difficult（one）．
b．如果ones前面有these或those做修饰语时，ones常常被省去。例如：
These desks are for our class while those（ones）are for theirs．
2．that／those
（1）that用来代替前面已经出现过的可数名词的单数或者不可数名词，并且后面常常跟有修饰 语；that相当于the one，只能用来指物。例如：
The oil output in 1988 was much higher than that of 1986．
（2）those 用来代替前面已经出现过的可数名词的复数，后面一般跟有修饰语；those相当于the
ones，既可指人又可指物。例如：
These machines are better than those we turned out last year．
3．do ／do so
（1）do、does 或 did 可以用来代替前面已经出现过的动词或谓语。例如：
Who broke her glasses？
Her little son did（＝Her little son broke her glasses）．
（2）do so可以用来代替前面已经出现过的动词及其相关的后续成分。例如：
He asked me to buy him a book and I did so．
注意：当do so中的do在句子中为doing时，常常用 so doing。例如：
I wanted to go out for a walk in the park but my son prevented me from so doing．
4．so
（1）有时so在句子中用来代替主语补语或宾语补语。例如：
Prices were reasonably stable，and probably remain so．（＝stable，主语补语）
If she is successful，it is her mother who made her so．（＝successful，宾语补语）
（2）so可以用做诸如lessso，more so，so much so 等搭配。例如：
The weather is cold in winter here-so much so（＝ cold）that we have to stay indoors
allday．
（3）so常常用在某些动词后面以代替that所引导的肯定从句。例如：
Do you think Mary will come to our party？I think so．
注意：a．ask 和 know 后面不能用so代替这种肯定从句。
b．如果上面句子的回答是否定的，那么它的否定回答就应该为：
I think not（＝that Mary will not come to our party）．
（4）在it appears 与 it seems 的句型中也可以用so代替that从句。例如：
He must be our new English teacher．It seems so（＝that He is our new English
teacher）．
注意：这里，也可以将so放在句首。即：So it appears 和 So it seems。
a．主、谓语有时倒装，有时不倒装。例如：
He can succeed in finishing the task on time．
So think most of his friends．
So most of his friends think．
b．有时用 if so 来代替整个句子。例如：
His girlfriend may be ill．
If so，he will not go to cinema with me tonight．
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