Part I Listening Comprehension (20 minutes) 略

PartⅡ Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)
Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.
Passage One
Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:
Let children learn to judge their own work. A child learning to talk does not learn by being corrected all the time: if corrected too much, he will stop talking. He notices a thousand times a day the difference between the language he uses and the language those around him use. Bit by bit, he makes the necessary changes to make his language like other people’s. In the same way, children learning to do all the other things they learn to do without being taught -- to walk, run, climb, whistle, ride a bicycle -- compare their own performances with those of more skilled people, and slowly make the needed changes. But in school we never give a child a chance to find out his mistakes for himself, let alone correct them. We do it all for him. We act as if we thought that he would never notice a mistake unless it was pointed out to him, or correct it unless he was made to. Soon he becomes dependent on the teacher. Let him do it himself. Let him work out, with the help of other children if he wants it, what this word says, what the answer is to that problem, whether this is a good way of saying or doing this or not.
If it is a matter of right answers, as it may be in mathematics or Article/Others/science/">science, give him the answer book. Let him correct his own papers. Why should we teachers waste time on such routine work? Our job should be to help the child when he tells us that he can’t find the way to get the right answer. Let’s end all this nonsense of grades, exams, marks. Let us throw them all out, and let the children learn what all educated persons must some day learn, how to measure their own understanding, how to know what they know or do not know,
Let them get on with this job in the way that seems most sensible to them, with our help as school teachers if they ask for it. The idea that there is a body of knowledge to be learnt at school and used for the rest of one’s is nonsense in a world as complicated and rapidly changing as ours. Anxious parents and teachers say, ‘But suppose they fail to learn something essential, something they will need to get on in the world?’ Don’t worry! If it is essential, they will go out into the world and learn it.
21. What does the author think is the best way for children to learn things?
A) By copying what other people do.
B) By making mistakes and having them corrected.
C) By listening to explanations from skilled people.
D) By asking a great many questions.


22. What does the author think teachers do which they should not do?
A) They give children correct answers.
B) They point out children’s mistakes to them.
C) They allow children to mark their own work.
D) They encourage children to copy from one another.
23. The passage suggests that learning to speak and learning to ride a bicycle are __________.
A) not really important skills
B) more important than other skills
C) basically different from learning adult skills
D) basically the same as learning other skills
24. Exams, grades and marks should be abolished because children’s progress should only be estimated by __________.
A) educated persons.
B) the children themselves.
C) teachers.
D) parents
25. The author fears that children will grow up into adults who are __________.
A) too independent of others
B) too critical of themselves
C) unable to think for themselves
D) unable to use basic skills  

Passage Two


Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:
An industrial society, especially one as centralized and concentrated as that of Britain, is heavily dependent on certain essential services: for instance, electricity supply, water, rail and road transport, the harbours. The area of dependency has widened to include removing rubbish, hospital and ambulance services, and, as the economy develops, central computer and information services as well. If any of these services ceases to operate, the whole economic system is in danger.
It is this interdependency of the economic system which makes the power of trade unions such an important issue. Single trade unions have the ability to cut off many countries’ economic blood supply. This can happen more easily in Britain than in some other countries, in part because the labour force is highly organized. About 55 per cent of British workers belong to unions, compared to under a quarter in the United States.
For historical reasons, Britain’s unions have tended to develop along trade and occupational lines, rather than on an industry-by-industry basis, which makes a wages policy, democracy in industry and the improvement of procedures for fixing wage levels difficult to achieve.
There are considerable strains and tensions in the trade union movement, some of them arising from their outdated and inefficient structure. Some unions have lost many members because of industrial changes. Others are involved in arguments about who should represent workers in new trades. Unions for skilled trades are separate from general unions, which means that different levels of wages for certain jobs are often a source of bad feeling between unions. In traditional trades which are being pushed out of existence by advancing technologies, unions can fight for their members’ disappearing jobs to the point where the jobs of other unions’ members are threatened or destroyed. The printing of newspapers both in the United States and in Britain has Frequently been halted by the efforts of printers to hold on to their traditional highly-paid jobs.  

Trade unions have problems of internal communication just as managers in companies do, problems which multiply in very large unions or in those which bring workers in very different industries together into a single general union. Some trade union officials have to be re-elected regularly; others are elected, or even appointed, for . Trade union officials have to work with a system of ‘shop stewards’ in many unions, ‘shop stewards(管家)’ being workers elected by other workers as their representatives at factory or works level.
26. Why is the question of trade union power important in Britain?
A The economy is very interdependent.
B Unions have been established a long time.
C There are more unions in Britain than elsewhere.
D There are many essential services.
27. Why is it difficult to improve the procedures for fixing wage levels?
A Some industries have no unions.
B Unions are not organized according to industries.
C Only 55 per cent of workers belong to unions.
D Some unions are too powerful.
28. Disagreements arise between unions because some of them __________.
A try to win over members of other unions
B ignore agreements
C protect their own members at the expense of others
D take over other unions’ jobs
29. In what ways are unions and large companies similar?
A Both have too many managers.
B Both have problems in passing on information.
C Both lose touch with individual workers.
D Both their managements are too powerful.
30. What basic problems are we told most trade unions face?
A They are not equal in size or influence.
B They are not organized efficiently.
C They are less powerful than employers’ organizations
D They do not have enough members

Passage Three


Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:
A wise man once said that the only thing necessary for the triumph of evil is for good men to do nothing. So, as a police officer, I have some urgent things to say to good people.
Day after day my men and I struggle to hold back a tidal wave of crime. Something has gone terribly wrong with our once-proud American way of . It has happened in the area of values. A key ingredient is disappearing, and I think I know what it is: accountability.
Accountability isn’t hard to define. It means that every person is responsible for his or her actions and liable for their consequences
Of the many values that hold civilization together -- honesty, kindness, and so on -- accountability may be the most important of all. Without it, there can be no respect, no trust, no law-and, ultimately, no society.
My job as a police officer is to impose accountability on people who refuse, or have never learned, to impose it on themselves. But as every policeman knows, external controls on people’s behavior are far less effective than internal restraints such as guilt, shame and embarrassment.
Fortunately there are still communities -- smaller towns, usually -- where schools maintain discipline and where parents hole up standards that proclaim: “In this family certain things are not tolerated -- they simply are not done!”
Yet more and more, especially in our larger cities and suburbs, these inner restraints are loosening. Your typical robber has none. He considers your property his property; he takes what he wants, including your if you enrage him.
The main cause of this break-down is a radical shift in attitudes. Thirty years ago, if a crime was committed, society was considered the victim. Now, in a shocking reversal, it’s the criminal who is considered victimized: by his underprivileged upbringing, by the school that didn’t teach him to read, by the church that failed to reach him with moral guidance, by the parents who didn’t provide a stable Home.
I don’t believe it. Many others in equally disadvantaged circumstances choose not to engage in criminal activities. If we free the criminal, even partly, from accountability, we become a society of endless excuses where no one accepts responsibility for anything.
We in America desperately need more people who believe that the person who commits a crime is the one responsible for it.
31. What the wise man said suggests that __________.
A. it’s unnecessary for good people to do anything in face of evil
B. It’s certain that evil will prevail if good men do nothing about it.
C. it’s only natural for virtue to defeat evil
D. it’s desirable for good men to keep away from evil
32. According to the author, if a person is found guilty of a crime __________.
A. society is to be held responsible
B. modern civilization is responsible for it
C. the criminal himself should bear the blame
D. the standards of living should be improved
33. Compared with those in small towns, people in large cities have __________.
A. less self-discipline
B. better sense of discipline
C. more mutual respect
D. less effective government
34. The writer is sorry to have noticed that __________.
A. people in large cities tend to excuse criminals
B. people in small towns still stick to old discipline and standards
C. today’s society lacks sympathy for people in difficulty
D. people in disadvantaged circumstances are engaged in criminal activities
35. The key point of the passage is that __________.
A. stricter discipline should be maintained in schools and families
B. more good examples should be set for people to follow
C. more restrictions should be imposed on people’s behavior
D. more people should accept the value of accountability  

Passage Four


Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:
In general, our society is becoming one of giant enterprises directed by a bureaucratic (官僚主义的) management in which man becomes a small, well-oiled cog in the machinery. The oiling is done with higher wages, well-ventilated factories and piped music, and by psychologists and “human-relations” experts; yet all this oiling does not alter the fact that man has become powerless, that he does not wholeheartedly participate in his work and that he is bored with it. In fact, the blue-and the white-collar workers have become economic puppets who dance to the tune of automated machines and bureaucratic management.
The worker and employee are anxious, not only because they might find themselves out of a job; they are anxious also because they are unable to acquire any real satisfaction or interest in . They live and die without ever having confronted the fundamental realities of human existence as emotionally and intellectually independent and productive human beings.
Those higher up on the social ladder are no less anxious. Their lives are no less empty than those of their subordinates. They are even more insecure in some respects. They are in a highly competitive race. To be promoted or to fall behind is not a matter of salary but even more a matter of self-respect. When they apply for their first job, they are tested for intelligence as well as for the right mixture of submissiveness and independence. From that moment on they are tested again and again — by the psychologists, for whom testing is a big Article/Management/entrepreneurialism/">Business, and by their superiors, who judge their behavior, sociability, capacity to get along, etc. This constant need to prove that one is as good as or better than one’s fellow-competitor creates constant anxiety and stress, the very causes of unArticle/Psycology/happiness/">Happiness and illness.
Am I suggesting that we should return to the preindustrial mode of production or to nineteenth-century “free enterprise” capitalism? Certainly not. Problems are never solved by returning to a stage which one has already outgrown. I suggest transforming our social system from a bureaucratically managed industrialism in which maximal production and consumption are ends in themselves into a humanist industrialism in which man and full development of his potentialities — those of love and of reason — are the aims of all social arrangements. Production and consumption should serve only as means to this end, and should be prevented from ruling man.
36. By “a well-oiled cog in the machinery” the author intends to render the idea that man is __________.
A. a necessary part of the society though each individual’s function is negligible
B. working in complete harmony with the rest of the society
C. an unimportant part in comparison with the rest of the society, though functioning smoothly
D. a humble component of the society, especially when working smoothly
37. The real cause of the anxiety of the workers and employees is that __________.
A. they are likely to lose their jobs
B. they have no genuine satisfaction or interest in
C. they are faced with the fundamental realities of human existence
D. they are deprived of their individuality and independence
38. From the passage we can infer that real Article/Psycology/happiness/">Happiness of belongs to those __________.
A. who are at the bottom of the society
B. who are higher up in their social status
C. who prove better that their fellow-competitors
D. who could keep far away from this competitive world
39. To solve the present social problems the author suggests that we should __________.
A. resort to the production mode of our ancestors
B. offer higher wages to the workers and employees
C. enable man to fully develop his potentialities
D. take the fundamental realities for granted
40. The author’s attitude towards industrialism might best be summarized as one of __________.
A. approval
B. dissatisfaction
C. suspicion
D. tolerance


Part III Vocabulary (20 minutes)


Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences it: this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose cite ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
41. His career was not noticeably __________ by the fact that he had never been to college.
A) prevented B) prevented
C) hindered D) refrained
42. When trapped in drifting sands, do not struggle, or you will be __________ in deeper.
A) absorbed B) pushed
C) heaved D) sucked
43. To ________ for his unpleasant experiences he drank a little more than was good for him.
A) commence B) compromise
C) compensate D) compliment
44. All visitors are requested to ___________ with the regulations.
A) comply B) agree
C) assist D) consent
45. The captain __________ the horizon for approaching ships.
A) scanned B) scrutinized
C) explored D) swept
46. The vast majority of people in any given culture will _________ to the established standards of that culture.
A) confine B) conform
C) confront D) confirm
47. Although he was on a diet, the food __________ him enormously.
A) inspired B) tempted
C) overcame D) encouraged
48. His argument does not suggest that mankind can __________ to be wasteful in the utilization of these resources.
A) resort B) grant
C) afford D) entitle
49. If you want this pain killer, you’ll have to ask the doctor for a __________.
A) receipt B) recipe
C) subscription D) prescription
50. Some fish have a greater ___________ for acid water than others.
A) tolerance B) resistance
C) dependence D) persistence
51. Many novels that attempt to the mirror the world are really _________ of the reality that they represent.
A) reflections B) demonstrations
C) illuminations D) reproductions
52. It is through learning that the individual ______ many habitual ways of reacting to situations.
A) retains B) gains
C) achieves D) acquires
53. Generally, it is only when animals are trapped that they _____ to violence in order to escape.
A) proceed B) appeal
C) resort D) incline
54. Mary once _________ with another musician to compose a piece of pop music.
A) merged B) collaborated
C) coincided D) constituted
55. During their first teacher training year, the students often visited local schools for the ______ of lessons.
A) observation B) investigation
C) inspection D) examination
56. He attends to the ___________ of important Article/Management/entrepreneurialism/">Business himself.
A) transaction B) transition
C) transmission D) transformation
57. Out of _________ revenge, he did his worst to blacken her character and ruin her reputation.
A) perfect B) total
C) sheer D) integral
58. A most __________ argument about who should go and fetch the bread from the kitchen was going on when I came in.
A) trivial B) delicate
C) minor D) miniature
59. The children cheered up when they saw hundreds of colorful balloons _________ slowly into the sky.
A) floating B) raising
C) heaving D) ascending
60. Do you have any _________ about what living beings on other planets would be like?
A) ideal B) comprehension
C) notion D) intelligence  

61. During the construction of skyscrapers, cranes are used to ________ building materials to the upper floors.
A) toss B) tow
C) hoist D) hurl
62. Diamonds have little _______ value and their price depends almost entirely on their scarcity.
A) extinct B) permanent
C) surplus D) intrinsic
63. The kitchen was small and __________ so that the disabled could reach everything without difficulty.
A) conventional B) compact
C) compatible D) concise
64. He will _________ resign in view of the complete failure of the research project.
A) doubtfully B) adequately
C) presumably D) reasonably
65. Bill is an example of a severely disabled person who has become ________ at many survival skills.
A) proficient B) persistent
C) consistent D) sufficient
66. The original elections were declared ____________ by the former military ruler.
A) void B) vulgar
C) surplus D) extravagant
67. They stood gazing at the happy __________ of children playing in the park.
A) perspective B) view
C) landscape D) scene
68. An obvious change of attitude at the top towards women’s status in society will __________ through the current law system in Japan.
A) permeate B) probe
C) violate D) grope
69. When he realized he had been ___________ to sign the contract by intrigue, he threatened to start legal proceedings to cancel the agreement.
A) elicited B) excited
C) deduced D) induced
70. These areas rely on agriculture almost ___________, having few mineral resources and a minimum of industrial development.
A) respectively B) extraordinarily
C) incredibly D) exclusively


Part IV Error Correction (15 minutes)


Directions: This part consists of a short passage. In this passage, there are altogether 10 mistakes, one in each numbered line. You may have to change a word, add a word or delete a word. Mark out the mistakes and put the corrections in the blanks provided. If you change a word, cross it out and write the correct word in the corresponding blank. If you add a word, put an insertion mark (∧) in the right place and write the missing word in the blank. If you delete a word, cross it out and put a slash (／) in the blank.
Example:

Television is rapidly becoming the literatures of our periods. 1. time/times/period
Many of the arguments having used for the study of literature. 2. ／___________
As a school subject are valid for ∧ study of television. 3. the___________

Changes in the way people live bring about changes in
the jobs that they do. More and more people live in towns and
cities instead on farms and in villages. Cities and states have S1. __________
to provide services city people want, such like more police S2. __________
protection, more hospitals, and more schools. This means that
more policemen, more nurses and technicians, and more
teachers must be hired. Advances in technology has also S3. __________
changed people’s lives. Dishwashers and washing machines
do jobs that were once done by the hand. The widespread use S4. __________
of such electrical appliances means that there is a need for
servicemen to keep it running properly. S5. __________
People are earning higher wages and salaries. This leads S6. __________
changes in the way of . As income goes down, people may S7. __________
not want more food to eat or more clothes to wear. But they
may want more and better care from doctors, dentists and
hospitals. They are likely to travel more and to want more
education. Nevertheless, many more jobs are available in S8. __________
these services.
The government also affects the kind of works people S9. __________
do. The governments of most countries spend huge sums of
money for international defence. They hire thousands of S10.__________
engineers, scientists, clerks, typists and secretaries to work on
the many different aspects of defence.


Part V writing (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Have a Better Command of Chinese. You should write at least 150 words based on the outline given below:
1. 大学生的语文水平普遍不高
2. 造成这种情况的原因
3. 如何提高文化水平

Have a Better Command of Chinese   

Part I Listening Comprehension
略
PartⅡ Reading Comprehension
21~25 ABDBC 26~30 ABCBB 31~35 BCAAD 36~40 CDDCB
Part III Vocabulary
41~45 CDCAA 46~50 BBCDA 51~55 ADCBA
56~60 ACADC 61~65 CDBCA 66~70 ADADD
Part IV Error Correction
71: (instead)--(instead) of
72: like -- as
73: has -- have
74: the (hand) -- / (hand)
75: it -- them
76: (leads) -- (leads) to
Or: leads – causes
77: down -- up
78: Nevertheless -- Therefore / So / etc.
79: works -- work / job / jobs
80: international -- national
Part V writing
Nowadays the phenomenon has aroused wide concern that more and more university students have much trouble using good Chinese, either orally or in paper work. Many employers complain that many college graduates are not good at written work --some even can’t write a note properly. The public can’t help wondering what has happened in our education.
The answer involves many factors. The major one lies in our elementary and secondary schooling. Now a vast majority of schools adopt standard tests involving a uniform pattern -- multiple choices . The consequence is serious: many students become too passive in their study. Worst of all, teachers place too much emphasis on mechanic memorizing, so that the language learning becomes a dead thing. Another factor is that our schooling neglects the application aspect. So students find it hard to put book knowledge to practical use. And in our media often appear many wrong uses of Chinese, which also have a misleading effect on the young.
It is time for society to do something to correct the situation. A larger-scale reform should be carried out in our schools at different levels. Teaching theories and methods should be updated to meet the needs of a new age. Most important of all, students must be aware of the importance of learning Chinese well. It should be borne in mind that a good command of Chinese is of vital importance to both individuals and the future of our nation.